World Politics - Best Viral News And Videos

Feb242025 by adminNo Comments

Pope Francis’s acute kidney failure could lead to sepsis, emergency physician says

World Politics

http://youtu.be/-dHZxmYU_8Q Emergency physician Dr. Kashif Pirzada explains the possible connection between the Pope’s latest diagnosis of acute kidney failure and his double pneumonia. Subscribe to CTV News to watch more videos: https://www.youtube.com/ctvnews Connect with CTV News: For live updates and latest headlines visit: http://www.ctvnews.ca/ For breaking news, fast, download the CTV News App: https://www.ctvnews.ca/app Must-watch stories and full programs at http://www.ctvnews.ca/video CTV News on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/discover/CTV-News CTV News on X (formerly Twitter): https://twitter.com/CTVNews CTV News on Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/user/CTVNEWS CTV News on LinkedIn: https://ca.linkedin.com/company/ctv-news --- CTV News is Canada's most-watched news organiz...

Feb242025 by adminNo Comments

Private video

World Politics

http://youtu.be/JnaDyjzPGow This video is private.

Feb242025 by adminNo Comments

Private video

World Politics

http://youtu.be/6mxwIpX-6_0 This video is private.

Feb232025 by adminNo Comments

What implications will Trump’s remark have on the war? | CTV Question Period

World Politics

http://youtu.be/jR294F3gVTs Sir Richard Sherriff speaks about the implications Trump’s remarks will have on the Ukraine-Russia war and the actions Putin will take. Subscribe to CTV News to watch more videos: https://www.youtube.com/ctvnews Connect with CTV News: For live updates and latest headlines visit: http://www.ctvnews.ca/ For breaking news, fast, download the CTV News App: https://www.ctvnews.ca/app Must-watch stories and full programs at http://www.ctvnews.ca/video CTV News on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/discover/CTV-News CTV News on X (formerly Twitter): https://twitter.com/CTVNews CTV News on Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/user/CTVNEWS CTV News on LinkedIn: https://ca.linkedin.com/company/ctv-news --- CTV News is Canada's most-watched news organization both locally and...

Feb212025 by adminNo Comments

L.A. district attorney talks resentencing of Eric and Lyle Menendez

World Politics

http://youtu.be/RGu19FevKUE Los Angeles County District Attorney Nathan Hochman gives an update on the resentencing of Eric and Lyle Menendez for the murders of their parents. Subscribe to CTV News to watch more videos: https://www.youtube.com/ctvnews Connect with CTV News: For live updates and latest headlines visit: http://www.ctvnews.ca/ For breaking news, fast, download the CTV News App: https://www.ctvnews.ca/app Must-watch stories and full programs at http://www.ctvnews.ca/video CTV News on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/discover/CTV-News CTV News on X (formerly Twitter): https://twitter.com/CTVNews CTV News on Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/user/CTVNEWS CTV News on LinkedIn: https://ca.linkedin.com/company/ctv-news --- CTV News is Canada's most-watched news organization both...

Feb202025 by adminNo Comments

Two people killed after small planes collide mid-air in Arizona

World Politics

http://youtu.be/7i_oayjraBs Two people have died after two small planes crashed mid-air at Marana airport in Arizona. Subscribe to CTV News to watch more videos: https://www.youtube.com/ctvnews Connect with CTV News: For live updates and latest headlines visit: http://www.ctvnews.ca/ For breaking news, fast, download the CTV News App: https://www.ctvnews.ca/app Must-watch stories and full programs at http://www.ctvnews.ca/video CTV News on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/discover/CTV-News CTV News on X (formerly Twitter): https://twitter.com/CTVNews CTV News on Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/user/CTVNEWS CTV News on LinkedIn: https://ca.linkedin.com/company/ctv-news --- CTV News is Canada's most-watched news organization both locally and nationally, and has a network of national, in...

Feb202025 by adminNo Comments

Wingstop manager allegedly attacks customers with hot grease and dressing

World Politics

http://youtu.be/RpwtC8ZthL0 Security video shows a 19-year-old Wingstop manager in Florida allegedly throwing grease and dressing on customers. Subscribe to CTV News to watch more videos: https://www.youtube.com/ctvnews Connect with CTV News: For live updates and latest headlines visit: http://www.ctvnews.ca/ For breaking news, fast, download the CTV News App: https://www.ctvnews.ca/app Must-watch stories and full programs at http://www.ctvnews.ca/video CTV News on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/discover/CTV-News CTV News on X (formerly Twitter): https://twitter.com/CTVNews CTV News on Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/user/CTVNEWS CTV News on LinkedIn: https://ca.linkedin.com/company/ctv-news --- CTV News is Canada's most-watched news organization both locally and nationally, and has...

Feb192025 by adminNo Comments

Pope diagnosed with double-lung pneumonia, treatment includes cortisone and antibiotics

World Politics

http://youtu.be/22HCtma0ofI CTV News’ Renee Rodgers says Pope Francis is seeking treatment for his recent diagnosis of double-lung pneumonia and has cancelled upcoming speaking engagements Subscribe to CTV News to watch more videos: https://www.youtube.com/ctvnews Connect with CTV News: For live updates and latest headlines visit: http://www.ctvnews.ca/ For breaking news, fast, download the CTV News App: https://www.ctvnews.ca/app Must-watch stories and full programs at http://www.ctvnews.ca/video CTV News on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/discover/CTV-News CTV News on X (formerly Twitter): https://twitter.com/CTVNews CTV News on Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/user/CTVNEWS CTV News on LinkedIn: https://ca.linkedin.com/company/ctv-news --- CTV News is Canada's most-watched news orga...

Feb192025 by adminNo Comments

Trump claims Zelenskyy “swindled” America out of $350B

World Politics

http://youtu.be/5hHYxGBNyas CTV News’ political analyst speaks on U.S. President Donald Trump criticizing Ukraine for receiving $350-billion of aid from America. Subscribe to CTV News to watch more videos: https://www.youtube.com/ctvnews Connect with CTV News: For live updates and latest headlines visit: http://www.ctvnews.ca/ For breaking news, fast, download the CTV News App: https://www.ctvnews.ca/app Must-watch stories and full programs at http://www.ctvnews.ca/video CTV News on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/discover/CTV-News CTV News on X (formerly Twitter): https://twitter.com/CTVNews CTV News on Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/user/CTVNEWS CTV News on LinkedIn: https://ca.linkedin.com/company/ctv-news --- CTV News is Canada's most-watched news organization both locally and n...

Feb192025 by adminNo Comments

“Putin is going to get something from this” | Defence expert on Russia-Ukraine peace talks

World Politics

http://youtu.be/CFNBaXZnxDk Retired National Defence member Andrew Rasiulis says negotiation peace talks for the Russia-Ukraine war is still early and ‘nothing is off the table.’ Subscribe to CTV News to watch more videos: https://www.youtube.com/ctvnews Connect with CTV News: For live updates and latest headlines visit: http://www.ctvnews.ca/ For breaking news, fast, download the CTV News App: https://www.ctvnews.ca/app Must-watch stories and full programs at http://www.ctvnews.ca/video CTV News on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/discover/CTV-News CTV News on X (formerly Twitter): https://twitter.com/CTVNews CTV News on Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/user/CTVNEWS CTV News on LinkedIn: https://ca.linkedin.com/company/ctv-news --- CTV News is Canada's most-watched news organization b...

Feb192025 by adminNo Comments

Vatican reveals 88-year-old Pope Francis is battling pneumonia in both lungs

World Politics

http://youtu.be/60F-S0BTdj0 Pope Francis remains in hospital for a fifth night as the Vatican reveals the 88-year-old is battling pneumonia in both lungs. Genevieve Beauchemin has more. Subscribe to CTV News to watch more videos: https://www.youtube.com/ctvnews Connect with CTV News: For live updates and latest headlines visit: http://www.ctvnews.ca/ For breaking news, fast, download the CTV News App: https://www.ctvnews.ca/app Must-watch stories and full programs at http://www.ctvnews.ca/video CTV News on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/discover/CTV-News CTV News on X (formerly Twitter): https://twitter.com/CTVNews CTV News on Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/user/CTVNEWS CTV News on LinkedIn: https://ca.linkedin.com/company/ctv-news --- CTV News is Canada's most-watched news organiz...

Feb192025 by adminNo Comments

U.S. pushes back on concerns over peace talks with Russia without Ukraine, European allies

World Politics

http://youtu.be/NNn3e_rjPf4 European nations and Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy were noticeably absent from talks with Russia to end the war in Ukraine. Joy Malbon reports. Subscribe to CTV News to watch more videos: https://www.youtube.com/ctvnews Connect with CTV News: For live updates and latest headlines visit: http://www.ctvnews.ca/ For breaking news, fast, download the CTV News App: https://www.ctvnews.ca/app Must-watch stories and full programs at http://www.ctvnews.ca/video CTV News on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/discover/CTV-News CTV News on X (formerly Twitter): https://twitter.com/CTVNews CTV News on Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/user/CTVNEWS CTV News on LinkedIn: https://ca.linkedin.com/company/ctv-news --- CTV News is Canada's most-watched news organizatio...

Feb182025 by adminNo Comments

U.S. says end of Ukraine-Russia war must be permanent in any agreement

World Politics

http://youtu.be/M4RQHJRpMRE Military analyst Glenn Ignazio discusses the latest U.S.-Russia talks aimed at ending Russia's war with Ukraine what it could mean for Ukraine's future. Subscribe to CTV News to watch more videos: https://www.youtube.com/ctvnews Connect with CTV News: For live updates and latest headlines visit: http://www.ctvnews.ca/ For breaking news, fast, download the CTV News App: https://www.ctvnews.ca/app Must-watch stories and full programs at http://www.ctvnews.ca/video CTV News on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/discover/CTV-News CTV News on X (formerly Twitter): https://twitter.com/CTVNews CTV News on Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/user/CTVNEWS CTV News on LinkedIn: https://ca.linkedin.com/company/ctv-news --- CTV News is Canada's most-watched news organization...

Feb182025 by adminNo Comments

Peace talks to end war in Ukraine between U.S. and Russia underway, without Ukraine

World Politics

http://youtu.be/U0o69DE5X-8 Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy says his country won't accept any peace agreement without their direct involvement. Alex Karpa has the latest. Subscribe to CTV News to watch more videos: https://www.youtube.com/ctvnews Connect with CTV News: For live updates and latest headlines visit: http://www.ctvnews.ca/ For breaking news, fast, download the CTV News App: https://www.ctvnews.ca/app Must-watch stories and full programs at http://www.ctvnews.ca/video CTV News on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/discover/CTV-News CTV News on X (formerly Twitter): https://twitter.com/CTVNews CTV News on Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/user/CTVNEWS CTV News on LinkedIn: https://ca.linkedin.com/company/ctv-news --- CTV News is Canada's most-watched news organization ...

Feb182025 by adminNo Comments

Peace talks to end war in Ukraine between U.S. and Russia underway, without Ukraine

World Politics

http://youtu.be/bIRxBPhmVVo Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy says his country won't accept any peace agreement without being involved. Alex Karpa has the latest. Subscribe to CTV News to watch more videos: https://www.youtube.com/ctvnews Connect with CTV News: For live updates and latest headlines visit: http://www.ctvnews.ca/ For breaking news, fast, download the CTV News App: https://www.ctvnews.ca/app Must-watch stories and full programs at http://www.ctvnews.ca/video CTV News on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/discover/CTV-News CTV News on X (formerly Twitter): https://twitter.com/CTVNews CTV News on Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/user/CTVNEWS CTV News on LinkedIn: https://ca.linkedin.com/company/ctv-news --- CTV News is Canada's most-watched news organization both locall...

Feb172025 by adminNo Comments

At least 18 people in a stampede at New Delhi train station

World Politics

http://youtu.be/SI1oE1W1aZ4 Thousands of people were waiting to board a train in New Delhi bound for a Hindu festival in northern India. Subscribe to CTV News to watch more videos: https://www.youtube.com/ctvnews Connect with CTV News: For live updates and latest headlines visit: http://www.ctvnews.ca/ For breaking news, fast, download the CTV News App: https://www.ctvnews.ca/app Must-watch stories and full programs at http://www.ctvnews.ca/video CTV News on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/discover/CTV-News CTV News on X (formerly Twitter): https://twitter.com/CTVNews CTV News on Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/user/CTVNEWS CTV News on LinkedIn: https://ca.linkedin.com/company/ctv-news --- CTV News is Canada's most-watched news organization both locally and nationally, and has a netw...

Feb162025 by adminNo Comments

Peace has to be sustainable: German ambassador to Canada on next steps in Ukraine | CTV’s QP

World Politics

http://youtu.be/Z7ClW1fw4Xg Germany’s ambassador to Canada Tjorven Bellmann weighs in on Europe’s response to Ukraine and NATO defence spending. Subscribe to CTV News to watch more videos: https://www.youtube.com/ctvnews Connect with CTV News: For live updates and latest headlines visit: http://www.ctvnews.ca/ For breaking news, fast, download the CTV News App: https://www.ctvnews.ca/app Must-watch stories and full programs at http://www.ctvnews.ca/video CTV News on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/discover/CTV-News CTV News on X (formerly Twitter): https://twitter.com/CTVNews CTV News on Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/user/CTVNEWS CTV News on LinkedIn: https://ca.linkedin.com/company/ctv-news --- CTV News is Canada's most-watched news organization both locally and nationally, and h...

Feb142025 by adminNo Comments

“I don’t trust Putin one inch” | Military analyst on whether Russia will end the war

World Politics

http://youtu.be/cPGe1VzR_Kg CTV’s military analyst former Maj.-Gen. David Fraser says he thinks Putin is playing Trump and will try to further justify the war against Ukraine. Subscribe to CTV News to watch more videos: https://www.youtube.com/ctvnews Connect with CTV News: For live updates and latest headlines visit: http://www.ctvnews.ca/ For breaking news, fast, download the CTV News App: https://www.ctvnews.ca/app Must-watch stories and full programs at http://www.ctvnews.ca/video CTV News on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/discover/CTV-News CTV News on X (formerly Twitter): https://twitter.com/CTVNews CTV News on Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/user/CTVNEWS CTV News on LinkedIn: https://ca.linkedin.com/company/ctv-news --- CTV News is Canada's most-watched news organization both...

Feb122025 by adminNo Comments

White House confirms Trump has had “very good calls” with Putin over ending war with Ukraine

World Politics

http://youtu.be/Qk6GD2SL7Uo White House Press Secretary Karoline Leavitt says Trump held two separate phone calls with Putin and Zelenskyy to end the war in Ukraine. Subscribe to CTV News to watch more videos: https://www.youtube.com/ctvnews Connect with CTV News: For live updates and latest headlines visit: http://www.ctvnews.ca/ For breaking news, fast, download the CTV News App: https://www.ctvnews.ca/app Must-watch stories and full programs at http://www.ctvnews.ca/video CTV News on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/discover/CTV-News CTV News on X (formerly Twitter): https://twitter.com/CTVNews CTV News on Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/user/CTVNEWS CTV News on LinkedIn: https://ca.linkedin.com/company/ctv-news --- CTV News is Canada's most-watched news organization both locally a...

Feb122025 by adminNo Comments

Trudeau says “Ukrainians get to decide what the outcomes of the peace process must be”

World Politics

http://youtu.be/yeDoJP4Pxgw PM Justin Trudeau says Ukraine will lead discussions on peace and sovereignty. Subscribe to CTV News to watch more videos: https://www.youtube.com/ctvnews Connect with CTV News: For live updates and latest headlines visit: http://www.ctvnews.ca/ For breaking news, fast, download the CTV News App: https://www.ctvnews.ca/app Must-watch stories and full programs at http://www.ctvnews.ca/video CTV News on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/discover/CTV-News CTV News on X (formerly Twitter): https://twitter.com/CTVNews CTV News on Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/user/CTVNEWS CTV News on LinkedIn: https://ca.linkedin.com/company/ctv-news --- CTV News is Canada's most-watched news organization both locally and nationally, and has a network of national, international...

Feb122025 by adminNo Comments

Gaza’s future takes centre stage as Trump meets with Jordan’s King Abdullah

World Politics

http://youtu.be/K5kyQbnwXEk Joy Malbon has the details on U.S. President Trump's meeting with Jordan's King Abdullah amid controversy over the future of Gaza. Subscribe to CTV News to watch more videos: https://www.youtube.com/ctvnews Connect with CTV News: For live updates and latest headlines visit: http://www.ctvnews.ca/ For breaking news, fast, download the CTV News App: https://www.ctvnews.ca/app Must-watch stories and full programs at http://www.ctvnews.ca/video CTV News on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/discover/CTV-News CTV News on X (formerly Twitter): https://twitter.com/CTVNews CTV News on Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/user/CTVNEWS CTV News on LinkedIn: https://ca.linkedin.com/company/ctv-news --- CTV News is Canada's most-watched news organization both locally and nati...

Feb112025 by adminNo Comments

Private video

World Politics

http://youtu.be/11rlnTYkoAI This video is private.

Feb112025 by adminNo Comments

Trump repeats Gaza takeover plan, says U.S. will have “lots of good things” built there

World Politics

http://youtu.be/qNdMsTvVLpM U.S. President Donald Trump says the U.S. "isn't gonna buy anything, we're gonna have it" when repeating plans to takeover Gaza. Subscribe to CTV News to watch more videos: https://www.youtube.com/ctvnews Connect with CTV News: For live updates and latest headlines visit: http://www.ctvnews.ca/ For breaking news, fast, download the CTV News App: https://www.ctvnews.ca/app Must-watch stories and full programs at http://www.ctvnews.ca/video CTV News on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/discover/CTV-News CTV News on X (formerly Twitter): https://twitter.com/CTVNews CTV News on Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/user/CTVNEWS CTV News on LinkedIn: https://ca.linkedin.com/company/ctv-news --- CTV News is Canada's most-watched news organization both locally and natio...

Feb112025 by adminNo Comments

Trump says Israel-Hamas ceasefire deal should be cancelled if Hamas doesn’t release all hostages

World Politics

http://youtu.be/q3uidbSCM24 President Donald Trump said Monday that a precarious ceasefire agreement between Israel and Hamas should be canceled if Hamas doesn’t release all the remaining hostages it is holding in Gaza by midday on Saturday — though he also said that such a decision would be up to Israel. Subscribe to CTV News to watch more videos: https://www.youtube.com/ctvnews Connect with CTV News: For live updates and latest headlines visit: http://www.ctvnews.ca/ For breaking news, fast, download the CTV News App: https://www.ctvnews.ca/app Must-watch stories and full programs at http://www.ctvnews.ca/video CTV News on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/discover/CTV-News CTV News on X (formerly Twitter): https://twitter.com/CTVNews CTV News on Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/user/C...

Feb112025 by adminNo Comments

Private video

World Politics

http://youtu.be/_isN80K226Y This video is private.

Feb112025 by adminNo Comments

PM Trudeau in the middle of a European charm-offensive on trade

World Politics

http://youtu.be/o3waJxwAs0g U.S. President Trump's trade war and annexation threats have prompted Canada and the EU to explore alternative markets. Rachel Aiello has the details. Subscribe to CTV News to watch more videos: https://www.youtube.com/ctvnews Connect with CTV News: For live updates and latest headlines visit: http://www.ctvnews.ca/ For breaking news, fast, download the CTV News App: https://www.ctvnews.ca/app Must-watch stories and full programs at http://www.ctvnews.ca/video CTV News on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/discover/CTV-News CTV News on X (formerly Twitter): https://twitter.com/CTVNews CTV News on Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/user/CTVNEWS CTV News on LinkedIn: https://ca.linkedin.com/company/ctv-news --- CTV News is Canada's most-watched news organization b...

Feb112025 by adminNo Comments

“Without exceptions or exemptions” | Trump imposes 25 per cent tariff on Canadian steel, aluminum

World Politics

http://youtu.be/7mgXi4hHaV8 U.S. President Donald Trump announced 25 per cent tariffs on all Canadian steel and aluminum imports, hinting at potential future tariffs on other sectors. Subscribe to CTV News to watch more videos: https://www.youtube.com/ctvnews Connect with CTV News: For live updates and latest headlines visit: http://www.ctvnews.ca/ For breaking news, fast, download the CTV News App: https://www.ctvnews.ca/app Must-watch stories and full programs at http://www.ctvnews.ca/video CTV News on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/discover/CTV-News CTV News on X (formerly Twitter): https://twitter.com/CTVNews CTV News on Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/user/CTVNEWS CTV News on LinkedIn: https://ca.linkedin.com/company/ctv-news --- CTV News is Canada's most-watched news organizat...

Feb102025 by adminNo Comments

U.S. expected to impose 25 per cent tariffs on all Canadian steel and aluminum imports

World Politics

http://youtu.be/w1OlL5dHMAI CTV political commentator Evan Solomon reacts to U.S. President Trump setting to impose 25 per cent tariffs on all steel and aluminum imports. Subscribe to CTV News to watch more videos: https://www.youtube.com/ctvnews Connect with CTV News: For live updates and latest headlines visit: http://www.ctvnews.ca/ For breaking news, fast, download the CTV News App: https://www.ctvnews.ca/app Must-watch stories and full programs at http://www.ctvnews.ca/video CTV News on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/discover/CTV-News CTV News on X (formerly Twitter): https://twitter.com/CTVNews CTV News on Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/user/CTVNEWS CTV News on LinkedIn: https://ca.linkedin.com/company/ctv-news --- CTV News is Canada's most-watched news organization both loca...

Feb102025 by adminNo Comments

At least 51 people dead after bus crash in Guatemala

World Politics

http://youtu.be/VL0GRkJ4BfQ At least 51 people have died after a bus plunged off of a bridge into a ravine in Guatemala. Subscribe to CTV News to watch more videos: https://www.youtube.com/ctvnews Connect with CTV News: For live updates and latest headlines visit: http://www.ctvnews.ca/ For breaking news, fast, download the CTV News App: https://www.ctvnews.ca/app Must-watch stories and full programs at http://www.ctvnews.ca/video CTV News on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/discover/CTV-News CTV News on X (formerly Twitter): https://twitter.com/CTVNews CTV News on Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/user/CTVNEWS CTV News on LinkedIn: https://ca.linkedin.com/company/ctv-news --- CTV News is Canada's most-watched news organization both locally and nationally, and has a network of national...

Feb102025 by adminNo Comments

Here’s what we know about Trump’s looming steel, aluminum tariffs on Canada

World Politics

http://youtu.be/tsbJ19fqeA8 CTV News' Colton Praill talks about the uncertainty around U.S. President Donald Trump's timeline for U.S. tariffs on Canadian steel and aluminum. Subscribe to CTV News to watch more videos: https://www.youtube.com/ctvnews Connect with CTV News: For live updates and latest headlines visit: http://www.ctvnews.ca/ For breaking news, fast, download the CTV News App: https://www.ctvnews.ca/app Must-watch stories and full programs at http://www.ctvnews.ca/video CTV News on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/discover/CTV-News CTV News on X (formerly Twitter): https://twitter.com/CTVNews CTV News on Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/user/CTVNEWS CTV News on LinkedIn: https://ca.linkedin.com/company/ctv-news --- CTV News is Canada's most-watched news organization both ...